In Speech:

1. State suggestions or directions in a positive rather than negative way.

2. Give a choice only when you are prepared to leave the choice to the child.

3. Use your voice as a teaching tool. Your words and tone of voice should help the child feel confident and reassured.

4. Avoid trying to change behavior by methods that may lead to loss of self-respect, such as shaming or labeling behavior (e.g., naughty, selfish, etc.)

5. Avoid motivating a child by making comparisons between one child and another or by encouraging competition.

6. Redirect the child by suggesting an activity that is related to the child’s purposes or interests when ever possible.

7. Give a direction or suggestion at the time that it will be most effective.

In Action:

1. Avoid making models in any art medium for the child to copy.

2. Give the child the minimum help, thus providing the maximum chance to grow in independence; but give the child help when needed.

3. Make your directions effective by reinforcing them when necessary.

4. Learn to foresee and prevent rather than mop up after a difficulty.

5. Define limits clearly and maintain consistently.

6. Be alert to the total situation, using the most strategic positions for supervision.

7. Make health and safety a primary concern at all times.

8. Increase your own awareness by observing and taking observation notes. 

* Read, K., Gardner, P., & Mahler, B., (1993), Early Childhood Programs: Human Relationships and Learning, (9th Edition).  Harcourt Brace College, Publishers.